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Child Development and Pedagogy

Micro Teaching – for CTET and Other TETs Preparation

Micro Teaching - for CTET and Other State TETs Preparation
Micro Teaching Cycle

Micro teaching is a teacher training technique. This technique was was first developed by Dwight W Allen in 1963. It is an effective technique, used to build up skills, confidence and modification of teaching style and behavior in teachers. Therefore, it helps to learn and practice giving constructive feedback.

Read – Piaget theory of Cognitive Development

According to Allen “this technique as a scaled down method encounter in class size and period”. Hence, it is also called scale down teaching approach. The objective of this technique is to reduce:-

  • Class size ( 5 to 10 pupils)
  • Topic size
  • Classroom complexities
  • Time duration

Read – Learning Disabilities for CTET and Other TET Preparation

Micro Teaching Cycle / Steps involved

  1. Plan
  2. Teach – 6 Minutes
  3. Feedback – 6 Minutes
  4. Re-plan – 12 Minutes
  5. Re-teach – 6 Minutes
  6. Re-Feedback – 6 Minutes

Total Minutes taken: 36 Minutes

Micro Teaching - for CTET and Other State TETs Preparation
Micro Teaching Cycle

Read – CTET 2019 Syllabus for Paper-II (Elementary Stage)

Principles of Micro Teaching

The principles are as below: –

  • It is a real teaching technique.
  • This technique emphasize on one skill at a time.
  • It help to develop the effectiveness of feedback.
  • The process of exercise can be controlled.

Read – CTET Questions on Growth and Development

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Child Development and Pedagogy

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs – for CTET other TET

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs also known as Maslow’s Theory of Motivation states that man’s behaviour is controlled by both internal and external motivational factors which he calls ‘needs’. He described that some needs are more basic or more powerful than other and as the needs are satisfied, other higher needs emerge. Maslow classified needs into two categories:-

  1. Basic Needs
  2. Growth Needs

Read – Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development

Basic Needs

As per Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, Basic Needs are as following:-

  • Physiological: The needs for body as sleep and rest, food, sex, shelter, drink and oxygen.
  • Safety: The needs for safety, sense of stability and security.

Growth Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs

As per Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, Growth Needs are as following:-

  • Love and belonging: The need for love, affection, relationship, and care.
  • Esteem: The need for self-respect, confidence, mastery, achievement, competence, respect from others, acceptance, reputation, recognition, status and prestige.
  • Understanding and Knowledge: The need for exploring, discover, finding solution, meaning, satisfying curiosity, seek intellectual challenges.
  • Aesthetics: The need for beauty in the surroundings.
  • Self-Actualization: The need for growth and development, achieving desires, self fulfillment, utilization of potential.

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Child Development and Pedagogy

Learning Disabilities – for CTET and other TET Exams

Learning Disabilities - for CTET and all other State TETs Exam Preparation
Learning Disabilities - for CTET and all other State TETs Exam Preparation

Learning disabilities is an important topic for CTET and other state TET Exams preparation. Learning disabilities are neuro-biological disability that affect one’s ability to listen, speak, think, write, read, problem solving. Few types of such disabilities are Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Dyspraxia and Dysphasia/ Aphasia.

1. Dyslexia

Dyslexia is the disability with reading. Children face difficulty in recognition of word, letters and other symbols.

Read – Riverside Cities in India in Hindi

2. Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia is the disability with writing. Children face difficulties with spelling. They have poor handwriting and they will also face difficulties in organizing ideas. 

3. Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is the disability with Mathematics. Children with Dyscalculia face difficulty in problem solving, recalling number sequences. They have poor sense of direction, computing problem and problem with numbers.

Read – Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

4. Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia is a development disorder. Children affected with Dyspraxia face problems with motor coordination.

5. Dysphasia/Aphasia

Dysphasia or Aphasia is difficulty with language.

Symptoms of Learning Disabilities

  • Poor Memory
  • Poor Reading/Writing
  • Difficulty in understanding the alphabets
  • Poor Coordination
  • Difficulty in following direction
  • Problems with mathematics
  • Difficulty in understanding the numbers or calculation

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Maths

Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Divisibility by 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16

After reading this, you will be able to determine quickly, whether a certain number is divisible by a certain number (divisor) or not. You will learn the divisibility rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. For different divisors, the rules are different. Read them one by one and practice them as per exercise given. After a little practice you will be able to memorize all the rules.

Divisibility Rule of 2

If the last digit of any number is either 0 or even, the number will be divisible by 2.

For example 10, 34, 46 are even numbers hence they are divisible by 2 but 3, 13, 99 are odd numbers hence they are not divisible by 2.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 2 or not?
23, 34, 73, 39, 167, 200

Read – Mobile Phone Security Tips

Divisibility Rule of 3

If the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 3, the number will be divisible by 3.

For example the sum of all the digits of number 123 is 6 (1+2+3). Hence 123 is divisible by 3.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 3 or not?
3, 13, 23, 34, 73, 39, 122, 129, 167, 200

Divisibility Rule of 4

If the last two digits a given number is divisible by 4, the number will be divisible by 4. Also if the last two digits of a number 00 the number will be divisible by 4.

For example the the last two digits of 112 are 12, which is divisible by 4. Hence the number 112 will be divisible by 4.

The number 10000 will be divisible by 4 because the last two digits are 00.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 4 or not?
10, 20, 114, 225, 346, 673

Read – Piaget theory of Cognitive Development

Divisibility Rule of 5

If the last digit of a number is either 0 or 5, the number will be divisible by 5.

For example the last digit of 75 is 5, so it is divisible by 5. The last digit of 33 is neither 0 not 5, so it is not divisible by 5.

Exercise: Check the divisibility of following numbers by 5.
10, 20, 23, 34, 73, 39, 114, 225, 346, 673

Divisibility Rule of 6

If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, the number will be divisible by 6.

For example the number 66 is divisible by 2 (as last digit is even) as well as by 3 (the sum of all digit is 12, which is divisible by 3), so it is divisible by 6.

The number 76 is not divisible by 6 because it is divisible by 2 (last digit is even) but not by 3 (sum 13 is not divisible by 3).

Exercise: Check the divisibility of following numbers by 6.
10, 20, 23, 34, 39, 73, 39, 39, 114, 225, 346, 673, 12273

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Check Complete List – Maths

Categories
Child Development and Pedagogy

10 Important Questions on Motivation for CTET and other TET Exams

Dear aspirants, following are the 10 Important Questions on Motivation for CTET and other TET Exams. Practice them for your CTET or any other

1. To encourage children to put in efforts in their studies, teacher need to……….?
a) Control the child
b) Scold the child
c) Compare the child with others
d) Motivate the child

2. …………word is also often used for motivation.
a) Feeling
b) Need
c) Emotion
d) Perception

Read – CTET Syllabus 2019 for Paper-II (Elememtary Stage)

3. Making students members of a cleanliness community to motivate them for the same, reflects?
a) Behaviouristic approach to motivation
b) Socio-cultural approach to motivation
c) Humanistic approach to motivation
d) Cognitive approach to motivation

4. ………motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
a) Safety-oriented
b) Affection
c) Effective
d) Preservation-oriented

5. In order to develop motivation among students, a teacher should…
a) Reduce their level of aspiration
b) Encourage cut throat competition
c) Set an un-achievable goal before student
d) Use new technique and novel methods

Read – CTET Questions on Growth and Development

6. The inner force that stimulates and compels a behavioural, response and provide specific direction to that response is?
a) Motive
b) Emotion
c) Perseverance
d) Commitment

7. To motivate the children to learn, the teacher should promote
a) Competition
b) Talented students of the class by passing
c) Creation of appropriate situation and environment for learning
d) Reward the children who stands first in class

8. Which one of the following optimises motivation to learn?
a) Motivation to avoid failure
b) Extrinsic factor
c) Personal satisfaction in meeting target
d) Tendency to choose very easy or difficult goals

9. …………… is considered a sign of motivated teaching.
a) Questioning by students
b) Remedial work given by the teacher
c) Pin drop silence in the class
d) Maximum attendance in the class

10. For an intrinsically motivated student
a) There is no need of formal education
b) Rewards are not at all required
c) The level of motivation is lower than an extrinsically motivated student
d) External rewards are not enough to keep him/her motivated

Read Micro Teaching – for CTET and Other TETs Preparation

Answer
1(d), 2(b), 3(b), 4(b), 5(d), 6(a), 7(c), 8(c), 9(a), 10(b)

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