In Piaget theory of Cognitive Development, Piaget observed that children think in a different way from adults. Therefore, Piaget put an idea that “Thought not only determines language, but also precedes it”. Following are the Stages of Development as per Piaget theory of Cognitive Development :-
Read – CTET Syllabus 2019 for Paper II – Elementary Stage
Stages of Development by Piaget
- Sensori – Motor Stage (birth – 2 years)
- Pre-Operational Stage (2 -7 years)
- Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
- Formal Operational Stage (11- 15 years and above)
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Sensori-Motor Stage (birth – 2 years)
- Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through senses (i.e. through eyes, nose, ears, mouth and touch) and manipulation of object, build an understanding of the world.
- Absence of language convey through senses and motor activity.
- Object permanence – infants developing the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
- In this stage, infants show goal oriented behaviour.
Pre-operational Stage(2-7 years)
- At this stage, child begins to use language, symbols and gestures.
- In this stage children learn through pretend and play.
- Children become more imaginative, good at remembering object.
- Egocentric thinking/nature
- In this stage, object identification start.
- In this stage Child thinks intuitively not logically.
- Illogical Thinking or transductive reasoning
- Animism-inanimate objects like toys have feeling and emotion.
- In this stage vocabulary increases from about 200 words at 2 years to about 2000 words at 7 years.
- Absence of Reversibility and conservation.
Learn Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
- At this stage child starts to think more logically and systematically but continue to be rigid.
- They Start exploring and wandering
- In the child, the concept formation begins and child starts to learn classification of objects.
- Children become less centered on themselves i.e. no longer egocentric.
- At this stage, Conservation-Imagination of the previous stage is replaced with actual facts.
- Child start solving mathematical problems by using fingers, building block etc.
- They start to share thoughts, feelings and opinions.
Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years and above)
- At this stage of development child learns to deal with abstraction by logical thinking
- The child becomes Creative, idealistic, and use deductive reasoning
- Child start to think more scientifically and logically about things around them
- At this stage child solve problem using their logical mind and hypothetical reasoning.
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