इस पोस्ट में मनोविज्ञान से संबन्धित कुछ महत्वपूर्ण कथन (one liners) बताए हैं। सामान्यत: CTET, UPTET और दूसरे TET exams में इन महत्वपूर्ण कथनों में से 1 या 2 प्रश्न जरूर आते हैं।
मनोविज्ञान से संबन्धित महत्वपूर्ण कथन
अधिगम, अनुभव और प्रशिक्षण के परिणामस्वरूप व्यवहार में परिवर्तन है – गेट्स व अन्य
किसी दूसरी वस्तु की अपेक्षा एक वस्तु पर चेतना का केन्द्रीकरण अवधान है – डंविल का
स्रजनात्मकता मौलिक परिणामों को अभिव्यक्त करने की मानसिक प्रक्रिया है – क्रो एव क्रो
चिंतन संगयानात्मक पक्ष में एक मानसिक क्रिया है – रॉस
संवेग व्यक्ति की उत्तेजित दशा है – पियाजे
बच्चे दुनिया के बारे में अपनी समझ का स्रजन करते हैं – पियाजे
वह बालक पिछड़ा बालक कहलाता है जो अपने विद्यालय कार्य में अपनी कक्षा से निचली कक्षा का भी कार्य करने में सक्षम नहीं है – बर्ट
मनोविज्ञान व्यवहार का शुद्ध विज्ञान है – वाटसन
विकास जीव और उसके वातावरण की अंत: क्रिया का प्रतिफल है – स्किनर
कुशाग्र बुद्धि अथवा प्रतिभाशाली बालक वह है जो निरंतर किसी भी उचित कार्य क्षेत्र में अपनी अद्भुत कार्य कुशलता तथा प्रवीणता का परिचय देता है – हैविंगहश्र्ट
मनोविज्ञान केवल मानसिक क्रियायों का अध्ययन करता है, शारीरिक का नहीं – जलोटा
पर्यावरण के साथ पूर्ण अनुकूलन का अर्थ है, म्रत्यु – डी वी
मूल्यांकन का उद्देश्य शिक्षा में गुणात्मक सुधार लाना है – एन सी इ आर टी
किशोरवस्था बढ़ते हुए संघर्ष, तनाव, तूफान एवं विरोध की अवस्था है – स्टेनले हॉल
व्यक्ति के पर्यावरण के संबंध में व्यक्ति की क्रियाओं का विज्ञान ही मनोविज्ञान है – बुड्वर्थ
विशिष्ट प्रतिभासम्पन्न व्यक्ति क्षीणकाय होते हैं, उनमें आत्मानुभूति की प्रवर्ति होती है – क्रेश्मर
शिक्षा मनोविज्ञान अध्यापकों की तैयारी के अनुसार शिक्षा है – स्किनर
स्म्रति का स्थान मस्तिष्क में नहीं, वरन शरीर के अवयवों में है। यही कारण है कि हम करके सीखते हैं – डा. मेस
समस्यात्मक बालक शब्द का प्रयोग साधारणतया उन बालकों के वर्णन हेतु किया जाता है, जिनका व्यवहार अथवा व्यक्तित्व किसी बात में गंभीर रूप से असमान्य होता है – वेलेंटाइन
सीखने की असफलताओं का कारण समझने की असफलताएँ है – मर्सेल
क्रिया को उत्तेजित करने, नियमित करने तथा जारी रखने की प्रक्रिया को अभिप्रेरणा कहते हैं – गुड
संवेगात्मक जीवन में स्थानांतरण का नियम एक वास्तविक तथ्य है – मैलोन
अनुकरण दूसरे व्यक्ति के ब्राहय व्यवहार की नकल है – रेब्र्न
शिक्षा व्यक्ति की समस्त पूर्णता का विकास है, जिसके वह योग्य है – काँट
सूझ वास्तविक स्थिति का आकस्मिक, निश्चित और तात्कालिक ज्ञान है – गुडे
स्माजीकरण व वैयक्तिकरण एक ही प्रक्रिया के दो पहलू है – मैकाइवर
प्रतिभाशाली बालकों के लिए शिक्षा का सफल कार्यक्रम वही हो सकता है, जिसका उद्येश्य उनकी योग्यताओं का विकास करना हो – हेविंग हश्र्ट
बालक की अभिव्र्द्धि जैवकीय नियमों के अनुसार होती है – क्रोण मैन
आपको यह पोस्ट कैसा लगा ? अपने सुझाव और कमेन्ट देने के लिए नीचे दिये गए कमेन्ट सेक्सन का प्रयोग करें। अगर आपको यह पोस्ट पसंद आया तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ जरूर शेयर करें।
As per CTET syllabus of Paper-I and Paper-II, there shall be 30 questions from Child Development & Pedagogy. Following are the CTET Previous Years Questions on Piaget, Kohlberg & Vygotsky with Answer. These CTET previous years questions on Piaget, Kohlberg & Vygotsky are important questions for CTET, UPTET and other TET exams. Answers of these questions are given in the last of the post.
CTET Previous Years Questions on Piaget, Kohlberg & Vygotsky
1- “Children actively construct their understanding of the world” is a statement attributed by? a) Piaget b) Pavlov c) Kohlberg d) Skinner
2- According to Piaget’s cognitive theory of learning, the process by which the cognitive structure is modified is called a) Perception b) Accommodation c) Assimilation d) Schema
3- Four distinct stages of children’s intellectual development are identified by? a) Kohlberg b) Erikson c) Skinner d) Piaget
4- According to Kohlberg, thinking process involved in judgments about questions of right and wrong is called a) morality co-operation b) moral reasoning c) moral realism d) moral dilemma
5- The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, in which a child displays ‘object permanence’ is a) Concrete operational stage b) Formal operational stage c) Sensorimotor stage d) Pre-operational stage
6- Vygotsky emphasised the significance of the role played by which the following factors in the learning of children? a) Social b) Hereditary c) Moral d) Physical
7- According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, the sensorimotor stage is associated with a) concerns about social issues b) imitation, memory and mental representation c) ability to solve problems in logical fashion d) ability to interpret and analyse options
8- According to Kohlberg, a teacher can instil moral values in children by a) giving strict instructions on ‘how to behave’ b) giving importance to religious teachings c) laying clear rules of behaviour d) involving them in discussions on moral issues
9- Vyotsky’s theory implies a) after initial explanation, do not support a child in solving difficult questions b) child will learn best in the company of children having IQ lesser than his/her own c) collaborative problem solving d) individual assignments to each student
10- Scaffolding in the context of learning theories refers to a) temporary support in learning by adults b) ascertaining the causes of mistakes done by students c) simulation teaching d) recapitulation of previous learning
11- Knowledge of ……… will be most significant for a teacher dealing with a class comprising students of mixed age groups. a) occupation of their parents b) socio-economic background c) cultural background d) development stages
12- Sita has learnt to eat rice and dal with her hand. When she is given dal and rice, she mixes rice and dal and starts eating. She has ……. eating rice and dal into her schema for doing things. a) Initiated b) Accommodated c) Assimilated d) Appropriated
13- In the context of language development, which of the following areas was underestimated by Piaget? a) Ego-centric speech b) Active construction by the child c) Heredity d) Social interaction
14- Which of the following is based on Vyogotsky’s socio-cultural theory? a) Operant conditioning b) Reciprocal teaching c) Culture-neutral cognitive development d) Insight learning
15- The fact that children require culturally relevant knowledge and skills is attributed to a) Charles Darwin b) BF Skinner c) Urie Bronfenbrenner d) Lev Vygotsky
16- Retrieving hidden objects is evidence that infants have begun to master which of the following cognitive functions? a) Intentional behaviors b) Object-permanence c) Problem-solving d) Experimentation
17- Theory of social learning emphasizes on which of the following factors? a) Nature b) Nurture c) Adaption d) Amendation
18- In Vygotsky’s theory, which aspect of development gets neglected? a) Social b) Cultural c) Biological d) Linguistic
19- According to Vygotsky, zone of proximal development is a) zone demarcating the support offered by the teacher b) what the child can do on her own which cannot be assessed c) the gap between what the child can do independently and with assistance d) the amount and nature of support provided to the child to achieve her potential
20- A major difference between the perspectives of Vygotsky and Piaget pertains to a) their critique of behaviouristic principle b) their conception of children as active constructors of knowledge c) the role of providing a nurturing environment to children d) their views about language and thought
21- The amount and type of scaffolding to a child would change depending on the a) mood of the teacher b) child’s innate abilities c) rewards offered for the task d) level of the child’s performance
22- Fitting new information into existing schemas is known as a) accommodation b) equilbration c) assimilation d) organization
23- According to Piaget’s theory which one out the following will not influence cognitive development? a) Language b) Social experiences c) Maturation d) Activity
24- In Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory which level signified the absence of morality in the true sense? a) Level III b) Level IV c) Level I d) Level II
25- According to Piaget, a child between 2 to 7 years in the ……. stage of cognitive development. a) formal operational b) concrete operational c) sensorimotor d) pre-operational
26- What term/ phrase does Piaget use for “mental structures which are the building blocks of thinking” a) Gene b) Maturation blocks c) Schemas d) Zones of development
27- According to Vygotsky, children learn a) when reinforcement is offered b) by maturation c) by imitation d) by interacting with adults and peers
28- Kohlberg has given a) the stages of cognitive development b) the stages of physical development c) the stages of emotional development d) the stages of moral development
29- According to Piaget, children’s thinking differs in ….. from adults than in ….. . a) amount, kind b) size, correctness c) kind, amount d) size, type
30- In the context of Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning, under which stage would the given typical response of a child fall? “Your parents will be proud of you if you are honest. So you should be honest” a) Social contract orientation b) Good girl- good boy orientation c) Law and order orientation d) Punishment-obedience orientation
The above CTET previous years questions on Piaget, Kohlberg & Vygotsky are also important questions for CTET, UPTET and other TET exams. Memorize and practice themfor your exams preparations. All the best!
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