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History

मध्यकालीन भारतीय इतिहास Medieval Indian History in Hindi

मध्यकालीन भारतीय इतिहास Medieval Indian History को निम्नलिखित भागों में बांटा गया है।

मध्यकालीन भारतीय इतिहास Medieval Indian History in Hindi

पढ़ें – महत्वपूर्ण अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाएँ International Boundary Lines

भारत पर अरबों का आक्रमण Arab invasion of India

भारत पर अरबों के आक्रमण को निम्नलिखित दो भागों में बाँट सकते हैं।

  1. अरब मुस्लिम आक्रमण Arab Muslim Invasion
    • मोहम्मद बिन कासिम Mohammad Bin Qasim (712 AD)
  2. तुर्की मुस्लिम आक्रमण Turkish Muslim Invasion
    • महमूद गजनवी Mahmud Ghaznavi (997 ई.)
    • मुहम्मद गौरी Muhammad Gori (1175 ई.)
    • दिल्ली सल्तनत Delhi Sultanate

मोहम्मद बिन कासिम Mohammad Bin Qasim

भारत पर अरबो का प्रथम आक्रमण 712 ई. में मुहम्मद बिन कासिम के नेतृत्व में हुआ था। उस समय सिन्ध पर दाहिर का शासन था। सिंध के राजा दाहिर के साथ रावर / रेवार का युद्ध हुआ था।

पढ़ें – रचना एवं रचनाकार – Rachna evam Rachnakar – सेट 1

महमूद गजनवी Mahmud Ghaznavi

महमूद गजनवी 997 ई. में गजनी की गद्दी पर बैठा। उसने भारत पर 17 बार आक्रमण किया। उसका पहला आक्रमण वैहिन्द के शासक जयपाल के विरुद्ध था। अधिकांश आक्रमण खैबर दर्रे से होकर किए गए।

1025 ई. में महमूद गजनवी ने सोमनाथ मन्दिर (सौराष्ट्र) पर आक्रमण किया तथा भयंकर लूटपाट की।

महमूद गजनवी का अन्तिम आक्रमण सिन्ध और मुल्तान के तटवर्ती क्षेत्रों के जाटों के विरुद्ध था

उसकी सेना में तिलक नामक हिन्दू सेनापति था। उसने संस्कृत और अरब मुद्रा लेख के साथ चांदी के सिक्के (दिरहम) चलवाये।

अलबरूनी, फिरदौसी, उत्बी तथा फारुखी जैसे विद्वान् महमूद गजनवी के दरबार में रहते थे। कुछ प्रमुख रचनाए निम्न हैं।

  • अलबरूनी – तहकीक ए हिन्द (अरबी)
  • फिरदौसी – शाहनामा (महान फ़ारसी ग्रंथ), पूर्व का होमर
  • उत्बी – तारीख ए यामिनी (अरबी)

मुहम्मद गौरी Muhammad Gori

मुहम्मद गोरी ने भारत पर पहला आक्रमण 1175 ई. में मुल्तान में किया।

चालुक्य शासक भीम II ने 1178 ई. में मुहम्मद गोरी को परास्त किया था।

1191 ई. में मुहम्मद गोरी एवं पृथ्वीराज चौहान के मध्य तराइन का प्रथम युद्ध हुआ था, जिसमें मुहम्मद गोरी की हार हुई थी।

तराइन का द्वितीय युद्ध 1192 ई. में हुआ। जिसमें गोरी ने पृथ्वीराज चौहान का पराजित कर भारत में तुर्क सत्ता स्थापित की

चन्दावर के युद्ध (1194 ई.) में मुहम्मद गोरी ने कन्नौज के शासक जयचन्द को हराया।

1206 ई. में खोखरों ने मुहम्मद गोरी की हत्या कर दी।

मुहम्मद गोरी के कुछ सिक्कों पर एक ओर कलमा और दूसरी ओर लक्ष्मी की आकृति खुदी थी

इसी समय उत्तर भारत में इक्ता/उक्ता प्रणाली शुरू हुई।

आगे पढ़ें:-

आपको यह पोस्ट कैसा लगा ? अपने सुझाव और कमेन्ट देने के लिए नीचे दिये गए कमेन्ट सेक्सन का प्रयोग करें। अगर आपको यह पोस्ट पसंद आया तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ जरूर शेयर करें।

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Categories
Geography

Geography MCQ Exercise for SSC & Other Exams

In this following section of Geography MCQ Exercise for SSC, UPSC, UPPSC and other competitive exams, 30 questions (MCQ) with 4 choices are given. Choose the right answer for each question. Answer of these Geography MCQ are available in the last of this post. Check how many of your answers are correct.

Geography MCQ Exercise for SSC & Other Exams

1- Which of the following region in India is now regarded as an ‘Ecological Hot Spot’
a) Western Himalayas
b) Eastern Himalayas
c) Western Ghats
d) Eastern Ghats

2- Which of the following groups of rivers have their source of origin in Tibet.
a) Brahmputra, Indus and Sutlej
b) Ganga, Sutlej and Yamuna
c) Brahmputra, Ganga and Sutlej
d) Chenab, Ravi and Sutle

3- The layer where the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude is totally absent is
a) Troposphere
b) lonosphere
c) Stratosphere
d) Mesosphere

4- The most ideal region for the cultivation of cotton in India is
a) The Brahmaputra Valley
b) The Deccan Plateau
c) The Indo-Gangetic Valley
d) The Rann of Kutch

5- Where do the Western and Eastern Ghats meet?
a) Nilgiri hills
b) Cardamom hills
c) Palani hills
d) Annamalai hills

6- The Northern plain of India has been formed by the inter play of the three major river systems, namely the Indus, the Ganga and the
a) Brahmaputra
b) Krishna
c) Kaveri
d) Mahanadi

7- Nag Tiba and Mahabharat ranges are included in
a) Sub-Himalayas
b) Trans-Himalayas
c) Greater Himalayas
d) Lesser Himalayas

8- The burst of monsoons in the month of June brings rain to
a) Kerala and Karnataka
b) Kerala and Southern Coast of Tamil Nadu
c) Kerala, Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh
d) Kerla, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka

9- Which one of the following is the correct squence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity
a) Oceans, lakes, grasssland, mangroves
b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes
c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes oceans
d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland

10- Which of the following wind is blowing from the Mediterranean sea to the North Western parts of India
a) Western disturbances
b) Norwesters
c) Loo
d) Mango showers

Read – भारत में नदियों के किनारे बसे शहर/ Nadiyon ke Kinare base Sahar

11- Japan is called the ‘Land of the rising sun’ because
a) Sun rises there as soon as it sets
b) Sun always remains in the Eastern part of the sky throughout the day in Japan
c) Japan being the Eastern most country in the world, it has the earliest sunrise
d) The rays of the sun get reflected from the waters of the sea and make the sunrise beautiful in Japan

12- The Northern plain of India has been formed by the inter play of the three major river systems namely-the Indus, the Ganga and the…
a) Brahmputra
b) Krishna
c) Kaveri
d) Mahanadi

13- How does La-Nina affect the Pacific Ocean ?
a) Decreases salinity of ocean
b) Cools downs the temperature of water
c) Maintains stable temperature of water
d) Increases salinity of ocean

14- The Patkai hills belong to which mountain ranges ?
a) Himanchal
b) Purvanchal
c) Himgiri
d) Hindu Kush

15- Which of the following imaginary a lines join places with same level of rainfalls ?
a) Contour lines
b) Isobaths lines
c) Isohyets lines
d) Isobar lines

Geography MCQ Exercise for SSC & Other Exams..

16- What causes wind to deflect toward left in the Southern Hemisphere?
a) Temperature
b) Magnetic field
c) Rotation of the earth
d) Pressure

17- “Climate is extreme, rainfall is scanty and the people used to be nomadic herders.” The above statement best describes which of the following regions?
a) African Savannah
b) Central Asian Steppe
c) North American Prairie
d) Siberian Tundra

18- In the South Atlantic and South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason?
a) Sea surface temperatures are low
b) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone seldom occurs
c) Coriolis force is too weak
d) Absence of land in those regions

19- Which one of the following is the characteristic climate of the Tropical Savannah Region?
a) Rainfall throughout the year
b) Rainfall in winter only
c) An extremely short dry season
d) A definite dry and wet season

20- Which one of the following reflects back more sunlight a compared to other three?
a) Sand desert
b) Paddy crop
c) Land covered with fresh snow
d) Prairie land

Read – Safety Tips for Credit Card Usage क्रेडिट कार्ड का सुरक्षित उपयोग

21- In order of their distances from the Sun, which of the following planets lie between Mars and Uranus?
a) Earth and Jupiter
b) Jupiter and Saturn
c) Saturn and Earth
d) Saturn and Neptune

22- On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion
a) is found in atmosphere as moisture and clouds
b) is found in freshwater lakes and rivers
c) exists as groundwater
d) exists as soil moisture

23- The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is
a) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere
b) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere
c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere
d) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere

24- Which one of the following conditions is most relevant for the presence of life on Mars?
a) Atmospheric composition
b) Thermal conditions
c) Occurrence of ice caps and frozen water
d) Occurrence of ozone

25- If the earth’s direction of rotation is reversed, what should be the IST when it is noon at the International Date Line?
a) 06.30 hrs
b) 05.30 hrs
c) 18.30 hrs
d) 17.30 hrs

26- The outermost range of Himalays is called
a) Kali
b) Shiwaliks
c) Dehradun
d) Kumaon

27- Punjab has a large number of inundation canals drawing water from
a) Jhelum river
b) Chenab river
c) Beas river
d) Sutlej river

28- Why does Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats both receive sufficient rainfall but Deccan plateau receives scanty rainfall ?
a) It is a rain shadow area
b) It is located parallel to wind direction
c) It is away from the coast
d) Rain bearing louds are absent

29- The national Highway 1A connects Leh to Kashmir Valley through the ….. pass.
a) Khyber
b) Zoji la
c) Nathula
d) Karakoram

30- Who is known as the ‘Father of Green Revolution’ in India ?
a) G. Paul
b) Norman Borlaug
c) Van Neil
d) Dr. Mitchell

Answers of above Geography MCQ Exercise for SSC & Other Exams

1(c), 2(a), 3(c), 4(b), 5(a), 6(a), 7(d), 8(b), 9(a), 10(b), 11(c), 12(a), 13(b), 14(b), 15(c), 16(b), 17(b), 18(a), 19(d), 20(c), 21(b), 22(c), 23(c), 24(c), 25(a), 26(b), 27(d), 28(a), 29(b), 30(b)

You may use ‘comment section’ below for your valuable comments/feedback.

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Categories
Geography

महत्वपूर्ण अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाएँ International Boundary Lines

प्रिय पाठकों, अगर आप किसी भी प्रतियोगी परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे हैं तो सामान्य अध्ययन / भूगोल के अंतर्गत अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाओं International Boundary Lines की जानकारी होना बहुत जरूरी है। प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं की द्रष्टि से कुछ महत्वपूर्ण अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाएं निम्नलिखित हैं।

Read 30 Important Words Meaning in English (Letter ‘A’)

महत्वपूर्ण अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाएँ

क्रं. अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखादेश
149वी समानान्तर रेखा अमेरिका और कनाडा
238वी समानान्तर रेखाउत्तरी कोरिया और दक्षिणी कोरिया
3मैकमोहन रेखा भारत और चीन
4ड्यूरंड रेखा पाकिस्तान और अफगानिस्तान
5रेड्क्लिफ रेखा भारत और पाकिस्तान
6मैनरहीम रेखा फ़िनलेंड और रूस
7मैगीनोट रेखा फ्रांस और जर्मनी
8हिंडनबर्ग रेखा जर्मनी और पोलैंड
9सीज फ्राइड रेखा जर्मनी और फ्रांस
महत्वपूर्ण अंतरराष्ट्रीय रेखाएँ

आपको यह पोस्ट कैसा लगा ? अपने सुझाव और कमेन्ट देने के लिए नीचे दिये गए कमेन्ट सेक्सन का प्रयोग करें। अगर आपको यह पोस्ट पसंद आया तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ जरूर शेयर करें।

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Categories
Geography

Previous Year Geography Questions for SSC CGL Exam – Part 1

Previous Years Questions

Dear readers, in this post SSC Previous Year Geography Questions are given. These are important general awareness questions for other competitive exams as well. Answers of these questions are mentioned in the last of the post.

SSC Previous Year Geography Questions

1- India has longest International border with which country?
a) Bhutan
b) Nepal
c) Bangladesh
d) Pakistan

2- Which of the following planet is also known as ‘Earth Twin’?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn

3- The part of the Himalayas between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as …. Himalayas.
a) Nepal
b) Kashmir
c) Assam
d) Jammu

4- The Northern plain of India is formed of …………….. .
a) metamorphic soil
b) igneous rocks
c) alluvial soil
d) old crystalline rocks

5- What is the other name of Sahyadri Range?
a) Lesser Himalayas
b) Shivaliks
c) Western Ghats
d) Eastern Ghats

Also read – Animals and their special characteristics – Environmental Studies (EVS)

6- Amazon river flows through which of the following country?
a) USA
b) France
c) Brazil
d) Canada

7- Which type of the forest is most widespread in India?
a) Tropical Evergreen Forests
b) Tropical Deciduous Forests
c) Montane Forests
d) Mangrove Forests

8- Which of the following is NOT a primary green house gas in the earth’s atmosphere?
a) Methane
b) Ozone
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Hydrogen

9- Which of the following imaginary lines join places with same level of rainfalls?
a) Mercury
b) Venus
c) Jupiter
d) Saturn

10- The Patkai hills belong to which mountain ranges?
a) Himachal
b) Purvanchal
c) Himgiri
d) Hindu Kush

Also read – Important Idioms and Phrases with Meaning

11- Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
a) winds
b) clouds
c) gravity
d) rotation of the Earth

12- The Kaiga Nuclear Power project is proposed to be setup in which state?
a) Rajasthan
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) Uttar Pradesh
d) Karnataka

13- In the biosphere living beings are inter-related and interdependent on each other for survival. this life supporting system is know as the ……
a) Ecosystem
b) Mountain range
c) Forest
d) Atmosphere

14- Marble comes under which category of rocks?
a) Sedimentary
b) Igneous
c) Metamorphic
d) None of these

Also read – Important Antonyms for Competitive Exams (विपरीतार्थक शब्द)

15- In which year did Kyoto Protocol came into force?
a) 2004
b) 2005
c) 2006
d) 2007

16- Spring tides occur on
a) full Moon day only
b) new Moon day only
c) the day when the Moon’s position is in its first quarter
d) full Moon day as well as on new Moon day

17- The Environment (Protection) Bill was passed by the Parliament of India in
a) 1986
b) 1972
c) 1981
d) 1984

18- Earthquakes are caused by
a) Tectonic Movement
b) denudation
c) Earth revolution
d) earth rotation

19- The typical natural vegetation above 3600 meters on Himalayas is
a) alpine grassland
b) alpine forests
c) coniferous forests
d) subtropical pine forests

20- Which river in India flows in a rift-valley?
a) Godavari
b) Narmada
c) Krishna
d) Cauvery

Also read – Classification of Computer

21- Seasonal migration of people is known as
a) Pastoralism
b) Momadism
c) Intra-migration
d) Transhumance

22- Rubber is a product of
a) fibre
b) latex
c) resin
d) gum

23- The country with the world’s largest natural gas reserves is
a) Saudi Arabia
b) Kuwait
c) Russia
d) USA

24- Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
a) Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
b) Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
c) Mangroves, grassland, lakes, oceans
d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland

25- Which of the following lake is situated on the West Coast of India?
a) Ashtamudi
b) Chika
c) Pulicat
d) Kolleru

Also read – Important Antonyms for Competitive Exams (विपरीतार्थक शब्द)

Answers of above SSC Previous Years Questions on Geography

1(c), 2(b), 3(c), 4(c), 5(c), 6(c), 7(b), 8(d), 9(c), 10(b), 11(c), 12(d), 13(a), 14(c), 15(b), 16(d), 17(a), 18(a), 19(a), 20(b), 21(d), 22(b), 23(c), 24(d), 25(a)

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Categories
Computer

Previous Years SSC Questions on Computer

Previous Years Questions

Dear readers, in this post SSC Previous Years Questions on Computer are given. These are important questions for other competitive exams as well. Answers of these questions are mentioned in the last of the post.

SSC Previous Years Questions on Computer

1- CAD stands for
a) Computer Automatic Design
b) Computer Aided Decode
c) Computer Automatic Decode
d) Computer Aided Design

2- Which of the following stores data permanently in a computer?
a) ALU
b) Cache
c) RAM
d) ROM

3- C++ is …………
a) an operating system
b) a programming language
c) a software
d) None of the above

4- Which is not an external storage?
a) CD-ROM
b) DVD-ROM
c) Pen Drive
d) RAM

5- The father of computer is
a) Charles Babbage
b) Charles Dikens
c) Oliver Twist
d) Love Lice

Also read – Classification of Computer

6- Identify the odd term amongst the following:
a) Microwaves
b) Coaxial cable
c) Optical fibre
d) Twisted pair wire

7- Which of the following is an impact printer?
a) Laser printer
b) Daisy wheel printer
c) Inkjet printer
d) Bubble-jet printer

8- Which of the following is a “Modifier Key”?
a) Control
b) Shift
c) Alt
d) All of the above

9- Which of the following is referred as the geometric arrangement of a computer system?
a) Protocol
b) Topology
c) Network
d) Media

10- Which one among the following is a main system board of a computer?
a) CPU
b) Keyboard
c) Microchip
d) Motherboard

11- Unix operating system is generally known as
a) Multiuser operating system
b) General application
c) Single user operating system
d) Single user application program

12- The technology used in the electronic printer is called
a) Microarray
b) Micromillimetric
c) Microencapsulation
d) Microtechnology

13- What is meant by WiMAX?
a) Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access
b) Wired Interoperability for Microwave Access
c) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
d) Worldwide Infrastructure for Microwave Access

14- In which graphics, digital photos and scanned images are typically stored with extensions such as .bmp, .png, .jpg, .tif or gif?
a) Bitmap
b) Pixels
c) Plane
d) Both Bitmap and Pixels

15- Fortran is not used for…..
I. drawing pictures
II. carrying out mathematics computations
a) Only I
b) Only II
c) Both I and II
d) Neither I nor II

Also read – Important Antonyms for Competitive Exams (विपरीतार्थक शब्द)

Answers of above SSC Previous Years Questions on Computer

1(d), 2(d), 3(b), 4(d), 5(a), 6(a), 7(b), 8(d), 9(b), 10(d), 11(a), 12(d), 13(c), 14(a), 15(a)

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