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Child Development and Pedagogy

मनोविज्ञान से संबन्धित महत्वपूर्ण कथन – Important One Liners

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इस पोस्ट में मनोविज्ञान से संबन्धित कुछ महत्वपूर्ण कथन (one liners) बताए हैं। सामान्यत: CTET, UPTET और दूसरे TET exams में इन महत्वपूर्ण कथनों में से 1 या 2 प्रश्न जरूर आते हैं।

मनोविज्ञान से संबन्धित महत्वपूर्ण कथन

अधिगम, अनुभव और प्रशिक्षण के परिणामस्वरूप व्यवहार में परिवर्तन है – गेट्स व अन्य

किसी दूसरी वस्तु की अपेक्षा एक वस्तु पर चेतना का केन्द्रीकरण अवधान है – डंविल का

स्रजनात्मकता मौलिक परिणामों को अभिव्यक्त करने की मानसिक प्रक्रिया है – क्रो एव क्रो

चिंतन संगयानात्मक पक्ष में एक मानसिक क्रिया है – रॉस

संवेग व्यक्ति की उत्तेजित दशा है – पियाजे

बच्चे दुनिया के बारे में अपनी समझ का स्रजन करते हैं – पियाजे

शिक्षा को द्विमुखी प्रक्रिया – जान एडम्स

मनोविज्ञान शिक्षा का आधारभूत विज्ञान है – स्किनर

Also read – Important Idioms and Phrases with Meaning

वह बालक पिछड़ा बालक कहलाता है जो अपने विद्यालय कार्य में अपनी कक्षा से निचली कक्षा का भी कार्य करने में सक्षम नहीं है – बर्ट

मनोविज्ञान व्यवहार का शुद्ध विज्ञान है – वाटसन

विकास जीव और उसके वातावरण की अंत: क्रिया का प्रतिफल है – स्किनर

कुशाग्र बुद्धि अथवा प्रतिभाशाली बालक वह है जो निरंतर किसी भी उचित कार्य क्षेत्र में अपनी अद्भुत कार्य कुशलता तथा प्रवीणता का परिचय देता है – हैविंगहश्र्ट

मनोविज्ञान केवल मानसिक क्रियायों का अध्ययन करता है, शारीरिक का नहीं – जलोटा

पर्यावरण के साथ पूर्ण अनुकूलन का अर्थ है, म्रत्यु – डी वी

मूल्यांकन का उद्देश्य शिक्षा में गुणात्मक सुधार लाना है – एन सी इ आर टी

किशोरवस्था बढ़ते हुए संघर्ष, तनाव, तूफान एवं विरोध की अवस्था है – स्टेनले हॉल

व्यक्ति के पर्यावरण के संबंध में व्यक्ति की क्रियाओं का विज्ञान ही मनोविज्ञान है – बुड्वर्थ

विशिष्ट प्रतिभासम्पन्न व्यक्ति क्षीणकाय होते हैं, उनमें आत्मानुभूति की प्रवर्ति होती है – क्रेश्मर

शिक्षा मनोविज्ञान अध्यापकों की तैयारी के अनुसार शिक्षा है – स्किनर

स्म्रति का स्थान मस्तिष्क में नहीं, वरन शरीर के अवयवों में है। यही कारण है कि हम करके सीखते हैं – डा. मेस

समस्यात्मक बालक शब्द का प्रयोग साधारणतया उन बालकों के वर्णन हेतु किया जाता है, जिनका व्यवहार अथवा व्यक्तित्व किसी बात में गंभीर रूप से असमान्य होता है – वेलेंटाइन

सीखने की असफलताओं का कारण समझने की असफलताएँ है – मर्सेल

क्रिया को उत्तेजित करने, नियमित करने तथा जारी रखने की प्रक्रिया को अभिप्रेरणा कहते हैं – गुड

संवेगात्मक जीवन में स्थानांतरण का नियम एक वास्तविक तथ्य है – मैलोन

अनुकरण दूसरे व्यक्ति के ब्राहय व्यवहार की नकल है – रेब्र्न

शिक्षा व्यक्ति की समस्त पूर्णता का विकास है, जिसके वह योग्य है – काँट

सूझ वास्तविक स्थिति का आकस्मिक, निश्चित और तात्कालिक ज्ञान है – गुडे

स्माजीकरण व वैयक्तिकरण एक ही प्रक्रिया के दो पहलू है – मैकाइवर

प्रतिभाशाली बालकों के लिए शिक्षा का सफल कार्यक्रम वही हो सकता है, जिसका उद्येश्य उनकी योग्यताओं का विकास करना हो – हेविंग हश्र्ट

बालक की अभिव्र्द्धि जैवकीय नियमों के अनुसार होती है – क्रोण मैन

आपको यह पोस्ट कैसा लगा ? अपने सुझाव और कमेन्ट देने के लिए नीचे दिये गए कमेन्ट सेक्सन का प्रयोग करें। अगर आपको यह पोस्ट पसंद आया तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ जरूर शेयर करें।

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General Awareness

Sports – General Awareness

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It has been seen that 1 or 2 questions are generally asked from topic sports under General Awareness in most competitive exams including SSC and various TETs. In this post important information is given from topic ‘sports’ under General Awareness.

Important Games and their Origin Countries

GameCountry / Place
VolleyballAmerica
KabaddiIndia
GolfScotland
BoxingGreece
BasketballAmerica
FootballEngland
CricketEngland
ArcheryPoland
OlympicAthens, Greece
Commonwealth GamesHamilton, Canada
Asian GamesIndia
South Asian GamesNepal
BilliardsNorthern Europe
ChessLondon
GymnasticsBelgium
Shooting America
SwimmingUSA
TennisEngland
Indian Olympic (National Games)Punjab, India
AFRO-Asian GamesHyderabad, India

Number of players in different sports

Also read – Important Antonyms for Competitive Exams (विपरीतार्थक शब्द)

SportsNumber of Players (in a team)
Polo4
Cricket11
Baseball9
Kabaddi7
Hockey11
Ice Hockey6
Basketball5
Rugby Football15
Volleyball6
Badminton 1 or 2
Khokho 9
Squash1 or 2
Football11
Tennis1 or 2

Terminologies in Some Major Sports

  • Chess: Checkmate, Gambit, Stalemate, Move, Resign etc.
  • Boxing: Knock-out, Foot work, Upper-cut, Card, Break, Buckle, Canvas, Accidental Butt, Punch, Bout, Bleeder, Bolo etc.
  • Cricket: Run-out, Hat-trick, Maiden, Follow-on, LBW, Stumped, No ball, Mid off, Bouncer, Googly, Full toss, Cut, Pull, Hook, Flick etc.
  • Football: Attacker, Back heel, Ball carrier, Back pass, Kick, Bicycle kick, Corner flat, Corner kick etc.
  • Badminton: Alley, Backcourt, Centre line, Baseline, Service, Shuttlecock, Smash, Woodshot etc.
  • Hockey: Centre, Defender, Forward, Bully, Penalty stroke, Goal, Penalty corner, Push-in , Free-hit etc.

Famous Sports Stadiums of World

Also read – How to Check Divisibility by 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16

StadiumPlaceSports
Eden GardenKolkata, IndiaCricket
Shivaji Stadium Mumbai, IndiaCricket
Sendy LodgeScotlandGolf
FlemingtonMelbourne, AustraliaHorse Racing
Ambedkar StadiumDelhi, IndiaFootball
Jawaharlal Nehru StadiumDelhi, India Athletics
Indraprastha StadiumDelhi, IndiaIndoor Games
WimbledonLondon, UKLawn Tennis
BrooklandEnglandFootball
White CityEngland, UKDog Race
national StadiumMumbai, IndiaHockey
Forest HillUSATennis
Yankeee StadiumNew York, USABoxing
BrooklynNew York, USABaseball

Important Cups and Trophies – International

Cups/ TrophiesSports
World CupCricket, Football, Hockey
US MastersGolf
UEFA Champion LeagueFootball
Tata OpenLawn Tennis
FIFA World CupFootball
French OpenLawn Tennis
Heineken CupLawn Tennis
Hopman Cup Lawn Tennis
League ChampionshipFootball
Liners OpenGolf
Premier League TrophyFootball
Scottish CupFootball
UEFA Champions LeagueFootball
US OpenLawn Tennis
Augusta MastersGolf
Azian CupHockey
DerbyHorse Racing
Colombo CupFootball
Australian OpenLawn Tennis
British OpenGolf
Champions TrophyHockey
Davis CupTennis

Indian National Cups & Trophies

Also read – भारत की बोले जाने वाली 22 भाषाएँ Bharat ki Boliyan in Hindi

Cup/TrophySports
IFA ShieldFootball
Dhyanchand TrophyHockey
Bombay Gold CupHockey
Aga Khan CupHockey
DCM TrpphyCricket
Burdwan TrophyWeight Lifting
B C Roy TrophyFootball
Durand CupFootball
Lady Ratan Tata TrophyHockey
Moinuddaula Gold CupCricket
Ezra CupPolo
Rangeshwari CupHockey
Nehru TrophyHockey
Subrato Mukherjee CupFootball
Santosh TrophyFootball
Rovers CupFootball
Radha Mohan CupPolo
Scindia Gold CupHockey
Wellington TrophyRowing
Ranji TrophyCricket
Beighton CupHockey

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Categories
Computer

Classification of Computer for Competitive Exams

Computer Classification
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Dear Readers, In this post Classification of Computer is given. Basically Computer is an electronic machine that accepts data (input) from the user, processes the data by performing calculations and operations on it and then generates the desired results (output) to the user.

Computers are mainly classified on the basis of Size, Work and Purpose as following:

Computer Classification on the basis of Size

On the basis of size, computers are classified as (i) Micro Computer, (ii) Mini Computer, (iii) Mainframe Computer and (iv) Super Computer as below:

(i) Micro Computer

Micro computers are the most widely used computers. They are also called portable computers, though they are the least powerful. Types of Micro computers are following:

  • Personal Computer (PC)
  • Laptop
  • Tablet
  • Handheld Computers
  • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
(ii) Mini Computer

Mini computers are more powerful and costly than Micro computes. They were designed initially for CAD (Computer Aided Design) related works but now they are used as central computer. E.g. IBM-17, HP-9000 etc.

(iii) Mainframe Computer

Mainframe computers are larger, faster and cost higher than Mini computers. They have large internal memory, computing and storage. They also have comprehensive range of softwares. E.g. IBM S/390/, UNIVAC 110 etc.

(iv) Super Computer

Super computers are fastest and the most expensive type of computers. They have very high processing speed. Their speed measurement unit is FLOPS (Floating point operations per second). E.g. CRAY-1, PARAM etc.

Also read Mobile Phone Security Tips मोबाइल फोन सिक्योरटी टिप्स

Computer Classification on the basis of Work

Computers are also classified on the basis of the work as (i) Analog Computer, (ii) Digital Computer and (iii) Hybrid Computer as mentioned below:

(i) Analog Computer

Analog computers are job oriented computers. They can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. E.g. seismograph, speedometers etc.

(ii) Digital Computer

Digital computers work on the binary digits. They also perform mathematical calculations and produce desired results (graphics, sounds). E.g. Desktop (PC), Laptop etc.

(iii) Hybrid Computer

Hybrid computers are the combination of analog and digital computers. Several machines used in hospitals like DIALYSIS and ECG are the commonly used hybrid computers.

Also read भारत में नदियों के किनारे बसे शहर/ Nadiyon ke Kinare base Sahar

Computer Classification on the basis of Purpose

On the basis of purpose, computers can be classified as (i) General Purpose Computer and (ii) Special Purpose Computer as below:

(i) General Purpose Computer

The main use of General Purpose computers are to solve various types of problems bu using various types of programs, applications, software etc. E.g. to make small database, calculations, accounting etc.

(ii) Special Purpose Computer

The use of Special purpose computers are to solve a single particular type of problems. E.g. Automatic Aircraft Landing etc.

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Categories
Maths

Basic Formulas of Area and Perimeter

In most of the competitive examinations, questions have been asked from Area and Perimeter. Basic formulas for calculation of Area and Perimeter of 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional figures have been given in this post.

FigurePerimeterAreaNomenclature
Trianglea+b+c(bh)/2b= base
h= altitude
a,b,c= side of triangles
Parallelogram2(a+b)aha= side
b= side adjacent to a
h= distance between the parallel sides
Rectangle2(a+b)aba= length
b= breadth
Square4aa2
d2/2
a= side
d= diagonal
Rhombus4a(d1d2)/2 a= side
d1 and d2= Diagonals
Trapeziumsum of 4 sidesh(a+b)/2a,b= parallel sides
h= distance between parallel sides
Circle2πr πr2 r= radius of circle
π= 22/7 or 3.1416
Semicircleπr+2r(πr2)/2 r= radius of circle
π= 22/7 or 3.1416

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Categories
Environmental Studies General Awareness

Festivals, Traditional Art & Crafts of India – EVS

India is well known as a country of cultural and traditional festivals as it has many cultures and religions. India is also well known for its Traditional Art and Crafts. Specific festivals, traditional crafts and art of specific region in India are given below:

Festivals of specific region in India

FestivalRegionTime of Celebration
OnamKeralaAug – Sep
Ganesh ChaturthiMaharashtraBhadrapad Shukl Chaturdashi
Rath YatraOdishaAshadha Shukla Pakshadwitya
BaishakhiPunjab 13-14 Apr
Pongal, JallikattuTamil Nadu14 Jan
Durga PujaWest Bengal6th Day of Aswin Shukla
BihuAsomIn the month of Bohag Kaati and Magh
ChhathBiharKartik Shukla Shasthi
LosarSikkim and Arunachal PradeshFirst Lunar month
Ugadi/Gudi PadwaAndhra Pradesh1st day of Chaitra month
GangaurRajasthanChaitra Shukla

Also Read Important Idioms and Phrases with Meaning

Traditional Crafts of India

Traditional CraftsAreas/States
Warli PaintingMaharashtra
Chikan EmbroideryLucknow
PerfumesKannauj
Brass HandicraftsMoradabad
Jamdani TextileWest Bengal
Patola EmbroideryGujarat
Pashmina ShawlsJammu and Kashmir (Ladakh)
Bandana WeaveRajasthan and Gujarat
PochampallyAndhra Pradesh
Wood CarvingSaharanpur
Pithora PaintingMadhya Pradesh

Traditional Art in India

Traditional ArtRegion/State
JamdaniWest bengal
Pashmina and ShahtootJammu and Kashmir
PatolaGujarat
Bandana DesignRajasthan and Gujarat
ChikankariLucknow
Muga SilkAsom
PochampallyAndhra Pradesh
Perfume IndustryKannauj
ShawlKullu, Himachal Pradesh
EmbroideryJammu and Kashmir

Different Types of Painting in India

1. Chitra Kathi Painting
  • This painting belongs to Maharashtra.
  • Story is depicted through this painting.
  • Only natural color is used in this painting.
2. Kalamkari Painting
  • This painting belongs to Andhra Pradesh.
  • This painting is done on clothes.
  • Only natural color is used in this painting.
3. Madhubani Painting
  • This painting belongs to Bihar.
  • Natural things like animals, birds, humans, flowers are depicted in this painting.
  • Only natural color is used in this painting.
  • A special kind of paste of grinded rice is used to glorify the painting.
4. Pata Painting
  • This painting belongs to Odisha.
  • Natural color from minerals and vegetables are used in this painting.
  • This painting is done on clothes.
5. Phad Painting
  • This painting belongs to Rajasthan.
  • This painting is done on clothes.

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