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Child Development and Pedagogy

Learning Disabilities – for CTET and other TET Exams

Learning Disabilities - for CTET and all other State TETs Exam Preparation
Learning Disabilities - for CTET and all other State TETs Exam Preparation

Learning disabilities is an important topic for CTET and other state TET Exams preparation. Learning disabilities are neuro-biological disability that affect one’s ability to listen, speak, think, write, read, problem solving. Few types of such disabilities are Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Dyscalculia, Dyspraxia and Dysphasia/ Aphasia.

1. Dyslexia

Dyslexia is the disability with reading. Children face difficulty in recognition of word, letters and other symbols.

Read – Riverside Cities in India in Hindi

2. Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia is the disability with writing. Children face difficulties with spelling. They have poor handwriting and they will also face difficulties in organizing ideas. 

3. Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is the disability with Mathematics. Children with Dyscalculia face difficulty in problem solving, recalling number sequences. They have poor sense of direction, computing problem and problem with numbers.

Read – Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

4. Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia is a development disorder. Children affected with Dyspraxia face problems with motor coordination.

5. Dysphasia/Aphasia

Dysphasia or Aphasia is difficulty with language.

Symptoms of Learning Disabilities

  • Poor Memory
  • Poor Reading/Writing
  • Difficulty in understanding the alphabets
  • Poor Coordination
  • Difficulty in following direction
  • Problems with mathematics
  • Difficulty in understanding the numbers or calculation

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Categories
Maths

Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Divisibility by 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 16

After reading this, you will be able to determine quickly, whether a certain number is divisible by a certain number (divisor) or not. You will learn the divisibility rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. For different divisors, the rules are different. Read them one by one and practice them as per exercise given. After a little practice you will be able to memorize all the rules.

Divisibility Rule of 2

If the last digit of any number is either 0 or even, the number will be divisible by 2.

For example 10, 34, 46 are even numbers hence they are divisible by 2 but 3, 13, 99 are odd numbers hence they are not divisible by 2.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 2 or not?
23, 34, 73, 39, 167, 200

Read – Mobile Phone Security Tips

Divisibility Rule of 3

If the sum of all the digits of a number is divisible by 3, the number will be divisible by 3.

For example the sum of all the digits of number 123 is 6 (1+2+3). Hence 123 is divisible by 3.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 3 or not?
3, 13, 23, 34, 73, 39, 122, 129, 167, 200

Divisibility Rule of 4

If the last two digits a given number is divisible by 4, the number will be divisible by 4. Also if the last two digits of a number 00 the number will be divisible by 4.

For example the the last two digits of 112 are 12, which is divisible by 4. Hence the number 112 will be divisible by 4.

The number 10000 will be divisible by 4 because the last two digits are 00.

Exercise: Check whether the following numbers are divisible by 4 or not?
10, 20, 114, 225, 346, 673

Read – Piaget theory of Cognitive Development

Divisibility Rule of 5

If the last digit of a number is either 0 or 5, the number will be divisible by 5.

For example the last digit of 75 is 5, so it is divisible by 5. The last digit of 33 is neither 0 not 5, so it is not divisible by 5.

Exercise: Check the divisibility of following numbers by 5.
10, 20, 23, 34, 73, 39, 114, 225, 346, 673

Divisibility Rule of 6

If a number is divisible by both 2 and 3, the number will be divisible by 6.

For example the number 66 is divisible by 2 (as last digit is even) as well as by 3 (the sum of all digit is 12, which is divisible by 3), so it is divisible by 6.

The number 76 is not divisible by 6 because it is divisible by 2 (last digit is even) but not by 3 (sum 13 is not divisible by 3).

Exercise: Check the divisibility of following numbers by 6.
10, 20, 23, 34, 39, 73, 39, 39, 114, 225, 346, 673, 12273

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Check Complete List – Maths

Categories
Child Development and Pedagogy

10 Important Questions on Motivation for CTET and other TET Exams

Dear aspirants, following are the 10 Important Questions on Motivation for CTET and other TET Exams. Practice them for your CTET or any other

1. To encourage children to put in efforts in their studies, teacher need to……….?
a) Control the child
b) Scold the child
c) Compare the child with others
d) Motivate the child

2. …………word is also often used for motivation.
a) Feeling
b) Need
c) Emotion
d) Perception

Read – CTET Syllabus 2019 for Paper-II (Elememtary Stage)

3. Making students members of a cleanliness community to motivate them for the same, reflects?
a) Behaviouristic approach to motivation
b) Socio-cultural approach to motivation
c) Humanistic approach to motivation
d) Cognitive approach to motivation

4. ………motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
a) Safety-oriented
b) Affection
c) Effective
d) Preservation-oriented

5. In order to develop motivation among students, a teacher should…
a) Reduce their level of aspiration
b) Encourage cut throat competition
c) Set an un-achievable goal before student
d) Use new technique and novel methods

Read – CTET Questions on Growth and Development

6. The inner force that stimulates and compels a behavioural, response and provide specific direction to that response is?
a) Motive
b) Emotion
c) Perseverance
d) Commitment

7. To motivate the children to learn, the teacher should promote
a) Competition
b) Talented students of the class by passing
c) Creation of appropriate situation and environment for learning
d) Reward the children who stands first in class

8. Which one of the following optimises motivation to learn?
a) Motivation to avoid failure
b) Extrinsic factor
c) Personal satisfaction in meeting target
d) Tendency to choose very easy or difficult goals

9. …………… is considered a sign of motivated teaching.
a) Questioning by students
b) Remedial work given by the teacher
c) Pin drop silence in the class
d) Maximum attendance in the class

10. For an intrinsically motivated student
a) There is no need of formal education
b) Rewards are not at all required
c) The level of motivation is lower than an extrinsically motivated student
d) External rewards are not enough to keep him/her motivated

Read Micro Teaching – for CTET and Other TETs Preparation

Answer
1(d), 2(b), 3(b), 4(b), 5(d), 6(a), 7(c), 8(c), 9(a), 10(b)

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Categories
Geography

भारत में नदियों के किनारे बसे शहर/ Nadiyon ke Kinare base Sahar

भारत में बहुत से शहर नदियों के किनारे बसे हैं ।  विभिन्न प्रतियोगी परीक्षायों के लिए, भारत में नदियों पर बसे प्रमुख शहर / India me Nadiyon ke Kinare base Sahar, Riverside Cities in India,  एक महत्वपूर्ण और स्कोरिंग विषय है। विभिन्न प्रतियोगी परीक्षायों के लिए भारत में नदियों पर बसे प्रमुख शहर निम्नलिखित हें :-

Read – CTET Syllabus 2019 for Paper II – Elementary Stage

शहर – नदी
अहमदाबाद – साबरमती
अयोध्या – सरयू
कोलकाता – हुगली
जबलपुर – नर्मदा
दिल्ली – यमुना
आगरा – यमुना
लखनऊ – गोमती
बद्रीनाथ – अलकनन्दा
कटक – महानदी
कोटा – चंबल
नासिक – गोदावरी
सूरत – ताप्ती
गुवाहाटी – ब्रह्मपुत्र
लुधियाना – सतलज
कानपुर – गंगा
हरिद्वार – गंगा
पटना – गंगा
श्रीनगर – झेलम
वाराणसी – गंगा

Read – Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

आपको यह पोस्ट कैसा लगा ? अपने सुझाव और कमेन्ट देने के लिए नीचे दिये गए कमेन्ट सेक्सन का प्रयोग करें। अगर आपको यह पोस्ट पसंद आया तो इसे अपने दोस्तों के साथ जरूर शेयर करें।

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Child Development and Pedagogy

Piaget theory of Cognitive Development

In Piaget theory of Cognitive Development, Piaget observed that children think in a different way from adults. Therefore, Piaget put an idea that “Thought not only determines language, but also precedes it”. Following are the Stages of Development as per Piaget theory of Cognitive Development :-

Read – CTET Syllabus 2019 for Paper II – Elementary Stage

Stages of Development by Piaget

  • Sensori – Motor Stage (birth – 2 years)
  • Pre-Operational Stage (2 -7 years)
  • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
  • Formal Operational Stage (11- 15 years and above)

Read – Micro Teaching for CTET and Other TET Preparation

Sensori-Motor Stage (birth – 2 years)

  • Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through senses (i.e. through eyes, nose, ears, mouth and touch) and manipulation of object, build an understanding of the world.
  • Absence of language convey through senses and motor activity.
  • Object permanence – infants developing the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
  • In this stage, infants show goal oriented behaviour.

Pre-operational Stage(2-7 years)

  • At this stage, child begins to use language, symbols and gestures.
  • In this stage children learn through pretend and play.
  • Children become more imaginative, good at remembering object.
  • Egocentric thinking/nature
  • In this stage, object identification start.
  • In this stage Child thinks intuitively not logically.
  • Illogical Thinking or transductive reasoning
  • Animism-inanimate objects like toys have feeling and emotion.
  • In this stage vocabulary increases from about 200 words at 2 years to about 2000 words at 7 years.
  • Absence of Reversibility and conservation.

Learn Divisibility Rules of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)

  • At this stage child starts to think more logically and systematically but continue to be rigid.
  • They Start exploring and wandering
  • In the child, the concept formation begins and child starts to learn classification of objects.
  • Children become less centered on themselves i.e. no longer egocentric.
  • At this stage, Conservation-Imagination of the previous stage is replaced with actual facts.
  • Child start solving mathematical problems by using fingers, building block etc.
  • They start to share thoughts, feelings and opinions.

Formal Operational Stage (11-15 years and above)

  • At this stage of development child learns to deal with abstraction by logical thinking
  • The child becomes Creative, idealistic, and use deductive reasoning
  • Child start to think more scientifically and logically about things around them
  • At this stage child solve problem using their logical mind and hypothetical reasoning.

Read – Learning Disabilities for CTET and other TET

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